MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ ẢNH HƯỞNG ĐẾN NHU CẦU HUYẾT THANH KHÁNG NỌC TRONG ĐIỀU TRỊ RẮN LỤC XANH ĐUÔI ĐỎ CẮN

Abstract

Objectives: To describe factors associated with the requirement for antivenom in patients bitten by Trimeresurus albolabris at the Poison Control Center, Bach Mai Hospital. Subjects and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted on 85 patients bitten by Trimeresurus albolabris who received antivenom treatment from January 2024 to May 2025. Results: Among 85 patients, the mean age was 44.7 ± 15.6 years, and 61.2% were male. The lower limbs were the most common bite site (55.3%). Main clinical manifestations included moderate-to-severe swelling (71.8%), pain with VAS ≥4 (77.6%). Patients receiving ≥40 vials of antivenom had higher rates of severe swelling (94% vs 40%), VAS ≥4 pain (86% vs 65.7%), coagulopathy (INR >1.7: 50% vs 2.9%; fibrinogen ≤1 g/L: 60% vs 22.9%), and increased need for cryoprecipitate transfusion (18% vs 0%), reflecting more severe envenomation and higher antivenom requirements. The mean hospital stay was 5.2 days, with no mortality observed. Conclusion: Swelling, pain, and coagulopathy are factors that increase antivenom requirements in patients bitten by Trimeresurus albolabris; therefore, clinical assessment and coagulation testing are essential to determine appropriate antivenom dosing.