THỰC TRẠNG LOÉT TỲ ĐÈ VÀ MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN Ở NGƯỜI BỆNH THỞ MÁY TẠI TRUNG TÂM CẤP CỨU A9 BỆNH VIỆN BẠCH MAI

Abstract

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics of pressure ulcers and identify associated factors in mechanically ventilated patients at the A9 Emergency Center, Bach Mai Hospital. Subjects: Patients aged ≥18 years admitted to the A9 Emergency Center, Bach Mai Hospital, who required mechanical ventilation and were followed for at least 7 days between January 2025 and March 2025. Variables collected included demographic data, comorbidities, nutritional status (BMI, BBT scale), pressure ulcer risk (Braden Scale), and ulcer characteristics within the first 7 days. Methods: Prospective cross-sectional descriptive study. Results: The mean age of patients was 60.1 ± 18.9 years; males accounted for 70.2%. A total of 41.1% of patients had ≥2 chronic comorbidities. After 7 days of mechanical ventilation, the incidence of pressure ulcers was 25.0%, with the most common sites being the sacral region (18.6%) and the heels (7.3%). Statistically significant associated factors included: age ≥60 years (OR = 2.8; p = 0.03), presence of edema (OR = 3.1; p = 0.008), severe nutritional risk (BBT ≥4; OR = 4.2; p = 0.03), high pressure ulcer risk according to the Braden Scale (OR = 4.2; p = 0.001), and having ≥2 chronic comorbidities (OR = 3.8; p = 0.01). Conclusion: The incidence of pressure ulcers among mechanically ventilated patients at the A9 Emergency Center remains high. Major risk factors include advanced age, edema, malnutrition, multiple chronic comorbidities, and high risk scores on the Braden Scale. Early preventive interventions should be prioritized for these high-risk groups.