ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG VÀ KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ VIÊM NÃO - MÀNG NÃO DO HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS

Abstract

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) meningoencephalitis is a serious neurological emergency that can result in severe consequences if not promptly diagnosed and treated. Understanding the clinical, paraclinical, and imaging characteristics of the disease plays a crucial role in diagnosis and prognosis. Objective: To describe the clinical, paraclinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes of patients with HSV meningoencephalitis. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 39 patients suffer from HSV meningoencephalitis. Data collected included demographic information, medical history, clinical symptoms, blood tests, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, MRI findings, and treatment outcomes. These data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The mean age of patients was 54.4 years; 74.4% of patients were male, and 64.1% of patients came from rural areas. Comorbidities were present in 61.5% of patients. Common symptoms included fever (89.7%), headache (74.4%), and altered consciousness (66.7%). Meningeal signs such as neck stiffness and Kernig’s sign were uncommon. Blood tests revealed elevated CRP in 82.6% and increased procalcitonin in 57.9%. CSF analysis showed lymphocytic pleocytosis in 74.4%, mildly elevated protein, and normal glucose in most cases. Brain MRI revealed inflammatory lesions in 90% of patients, primarily in the temporal lobe. The mortality rate was 7.7%, while 76.9% recovered without sequelae. Conclusion: HSV meningoencephalitis presents with acute neurological symptoms, notably altered consciousness and fever, while meningeal signs are not typical. MRI and CSF analysis play a critical role in diagnosis. Early treatment improves prognosis and reduces mortality.