THỰC TRẠNG BỆNH THẬN MẠN Ở BỆNH NHÂN KHÁM VÀ ĐIỀU TRỊ NGOẠI TRÚ TẠI KHOA KHÁM BỆNH B - BỆNH VIỆN HỮU NGHỊ

Abstract

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health burden, affecting approximately 10% of the population, closely associated with hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. In Vietnam, an estimated 8.7 million adults have CKD, yet early detection remains low. Assessing the characteristics and associated factors of CKD in elderly outpatients is important to enhance screening and disease management. Objective: To determine the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and analyze associated risk factors in a cohort of high-risk outpatients, including those with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, or a family history of CKD, at Outpatient Clinic B, Friendship Hospital. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 712 outpatients at Outpatient Clinic B, Friendship Hospital (May 2024 – February 2025). CKD was diagnosed based on an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min/1.73m² and/or urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥30 mg/g according to KDIGO 2024 criteria, confirmed on at least two occasions ≥3 months apart. Results: A total of 712 patients were enrolled, with a mean age of 74.5 ± 7.2 years; the majority were between 65–80 years. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the most common comorbidities, accounting for 86.2% and 39.9%, respectively. Male patients represented 63%, and females 37%. The overall prevalence of CKD was 19.1%. Significant risk factors associated with CKD included age >65 years (p < 0.01), HbA1c ≥7% (p = 0.04), hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (p < 0.01), number of antihypertensive medications (p < 0.01), and number of antidiabetic medications (p < 0.01). Conclusion:The prevalence of CKD among high-risk outpatients at Outpatient Clinic B, Friendship Hospital, was 19.1%. The major risk factors closely associated with CKD were advanced age, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. These groups should be prioritized for screening and periodic monitoring. CKD patients tended to require polypharmacy, particularly for diabetes and hypertension management, reflecting the complexity of their clinical profiles and the need for comprehensive cardio-metabolic control. This study underscores the importance of early detection of CKD and multifactorial management strategies to improve prognosis and disease outcomes.