ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG Ở NGƯỜI BỆNH ALZHEIMER ĐƯỢC QUẢN LÝ TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA ĐỐNG ĐA NĂM 2025

Abstract

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, chronic neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia. AD is characterized by a dementia syndrome comprising three groups of symptoms: cognitive impairment, non-cognitive manifestations, and functional decline in activities of daily living. Although several studies on AD have been conducted in Vietnam, variations in study periods, populations, and approaches to symptom assessment remain, while the clinical presentation of AD is highly complex and influenced by multiple contributing factors. Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics of patients with Alzheimer’s disease managed at Dong Da General Hospital in 2025, including cognitive decline and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 42 patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease who presented to Dong Da General Hospital from May 2025 to November 2025. Results: All patients (100%) exhibited memory impairment, with recent memory loss present in 100%. In the late stage, all types of memory were affected. Disorientation in time (90.5%) and place (59.5%), language impairment (92.9%), perceptual disturbances (76.2%), and apraxia (90.4%) were also highly prevalent. Psychotic symptoms—particularly delusions—along with emotional and behavioral disturbances were common. The number of female patients was 1.6 times higher than that of males; most cases had onset after age 65 (88.1%). Comorbidities were frequent (88.1%), predominantly cardiovascular (52.4%) and endocrine disorders (59.5%). Conclusion: Cognitive and non-cognitive symptoms in patients with Alzheimer’s disease are highly complex and heterogeneous, with frequent comorbidities. Individualized assessment is essential to guide optimal treatment strategies.