ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG VÀ MỘT SỐ CĂN NGUYÊN VI KHUẨN THƯỜNG GÂY NHIỄM KHUẨN TIẾT NIỆU TẠI KHOA NHI BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA TÂM ANH HÀ NỘI

Abstract

Objectives: To describe the clinical features, laboratory findings, and bacterial etiologies of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children at the Pediatric Department of Tam Anh General Hospital, Hanoi. Subjects and Methods: A descriptive study combining retrospective and prospective analysis was conducted on 105 children with UTIs. Results: The age group most commonly affected was under 2 years old. Females were more frequently infected than males, with a female-to-male ratio of 1.56:1. Upper urinary tract infections accounted for 62.9%, and fever was the most common clinical symptom, present in 85.6% of cases. Infection markers tended to be elevated. The positive urine culture rate was 43.8%. The most common causative agent was E. coli, accounting for 84.7% of cases. The proportion of ESBL-producing E. coli was high (51.3%). E. coli showed high resistance to ampicillin, third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, and cotrimoxazole, but remained sensitive to quinolones, aminoglycosides, nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin, and carbapenems. ESBL-producing E.coli demonstrated significantly higher resistance rates than non-ESBL strains, especially to β-lactams and quinolones. Conclusions: UTIs in children are most common in those ≤ 2 years old and often present with non-specific clinical symptoms. E. coli is the primary pathogen and shows high antibiotic resistance, particularly among ESBL-producing strains.