NGHIÊN CỨU ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG VÀ TÌNH TRẠNG RỐI LOẠN ĐIỆN GIẢI TRONG TIÊU CHẢY Ở TRẺ TỪ 2 THÁNG ĐẾN 5 TUỔI TẠI TRUNG TÂM NHI KHOA- BỆNH VIỆN TRUNG ƯƠNG HUẾ

Abstract

Background: According to estimates by the World Health Organization (WHO), nearly 1.7 million cases of diarrhea occur annually in children, and 525,000 children die from diarrhea. In developing countries, diarrhea remains a significant health burden for the community. Diarrhea causes serious health problems in children. In particular, dehydration and electrolyte imbalance are common consequences in children with diarrhea. These disorders not only cause dangerous complications such as seizures, coma, shock, and kidney failure, but also a major cause of death from diarrhea in children. Therefore, monitoring electrolyte balances in children with diarrhea is important. Objectives: describe the clinical characteristics and electrolyte imbalances in diarrhea in children aged 2 months to 5 years. To investigate factors related to electrolyte imbalances in diarrhea in children aged 2 months to 5 years. Materials and method: Children aged 2 months to 5 years hospitalized with diarrhea at the Pediatric Center - Hue Central Hospital from April 2025 to December 2025. Results: Through the study of 121 pediatric patients with diarrhea at the Pediatric Gastroenterology - Urology - Tropical Diseases Department of Hue Central Hospital we have: the disease is most common in children ≤ 6 months old (38.0%). The disease is more common in male children (52.9%) than female children (47.1%). The majority of children with the disease are not malnourished (83.5%). Clinical and paraclinical characteristics: Duration of diarrhea: < 7 days (75.2%), 7 - < 14 days (9.1%), ≥ 14 days (15.7%). The majority of cases (68.6%) had non-bloody stools. Fever and vomiting were the two most common symptoms in children with diarrhea, with rates of 49.6% and 42.1%, respectively. Classification of diarrhea: acute diarrhea (59.5%), chronic diarrhea (9.1%), and dysentery (31.4%). Dehydration status: no dehydration (86%), dehydration (13.2%), severe dehydration (0.8%). Na+ concentration: elevated (0.8%), normal (92.6%), decreased (6.6%). K+ concentration: elevated (2.4%), normal (89.3%), decreased (8.3%). Conclusion: There is a correlation between Na+ concentration and nutritional status, dehydration status, and home ORS supplementation. There is a correlation between K+ concentration and nutritional status, diarrhea duration, stool characteristics, and vomiting.