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OPTIMIZATION OF THE IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL METHODS FOR MUCIN MARKERS (MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6) AND CD10 IN GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA
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Abstract
Introduction: In gastric adenocarcinoma, mucin phenotype classification is one of the important criteria that need to be evaluated in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. The immunohistochemical expression of mucin-associated markers (MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6, and CD10) has been well characterized and is routinely incorporated into diagnostic workflows in contemporary pathology laboratories, with their clinical use widely recognized and adopted internationally. However, the application of mucin phenotype classification is still not well understood and well-regarded in Vietnam. Therefore, along with the research being conducted, the construction and optimization of immunohistochemistry procedures for these markers are crucial for establishing a diagnostic model and building a database on gastric cancer research in Vietnam. Subject and Method: Experimental research at the Department of Histology, Embryology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, and the Department of Pathology, University Medical Center HCMC from 11/2025 to 12/2025. Results: In our study, optimizing the immunohistochemical procedure with MUC2 (MUC2 monoclonal antibody, 1:200) showed an antigen exposure time of 40 minutes, while MUC5AC (Gastric Mucin, monoclonal antibody CLH2, 1:200) and MUC6 (Gastric Mucin 6 monoclonal antibody CLH5, 1:200) had an antigen exposure time of 45 minutes. Increasing the concentration of CD10 antibody (anti-CD10 antibody 56C6) from 1:80 to 1:50 while maintaining an antigen exposure time of 45 minutes helped the histological image of the brush border staining of the small intestinal mucosal absorptive cells (positive control) contrast sharply with DAB staining. The completely negative sites for immunomarkers (negative controls) in the stomach and small intestine showed no non-specific staining. There was no DAB staining in the background. Conclusion: The study successfully optimized the immunohistochemical process for mucin markers, including MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6, and CD10 on FFPE samples in the small intestine and stomach.
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Keywords
gastric cancer, mucin phenotype, immunohistochemistry, absorptive cell brush border, glandular neck cells
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