ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG VÀ CĂN NGUYÊN VI SINH Ở TRẺ VIÊM PHỔI CỘNG ĐỒNG CÓ SUY HÔ HẤP ĐIỀU TRỊ TẠI TRUNG TÂM HÔ HẤP BỆNH VIỆN NHI TRUNG ƯƠNG

Abstract

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia with respiratory failure is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. This study describes the clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, and microbial etiology of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia with respiratory failure treated at the Respiratory Center, Vietnam National Children’s Hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 165 children aged 1 month to 15 years who were diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia according to the WHO 2013 criteria and presented with respiratory failure at admission. All patients were hospitalized from June 2023 to June 2024. Clinical features and basic laboratory tests were collected. Microbial pathogens were identified from nasopharyngeal specimens using bacterial culture, rapid RSV test, real-time RT-PCR, and ELISA to detect IgM from serum. Results: Children under 2 years accounted for 61.2%, and males comprised 55.8%. Cough and tachypnea were present in 100% of patients. Type I respiratory failure was found in 90.9%. Microbial pathogens were identified in 73.3% of cases; Mycoplasma pneumoniae and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) were the most common agents. Co-infection, predominantly viral–bacterial, accounted for 14.9%. Conclusions: Community-acquired pneumonia with respiratory failure mainly affected young children, with hypoxemia as a prominent feature. The microbial etiology was diverse and complex; co-infections should be considered in diagnosis and treatment