ĐẶC ĐIỂM ĐIỆN SINH LÝ Ở NGƯỜI BỆNH XƠ CỨNG CỘT BÊN TEO CƠ ĐƯỢC CHẨN ĐOÁN THEO TIÊU CHUẨN GOLD COAST

Abstract

Objective: To describe the electrophysiological features of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) diagnosed according to the Gold Coast criteria.  Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 52 ALS patients at Bach Mai Hospital between January 2024 and September 2025. Electrophysiological assessments included motor and sensory nerve conduction studies, F-wave, H-reflex, and needle electromyography across four regions: bulbar, cervical, thoracic, and lumbar.  Results: Most patients were aged 50–69 years (61.5%), with a male predominance. Upper limb nerve conduction showed reduced compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitudes in the median and ulnar nerves, while distal latency and conduction velocity remained normal. Lower limb motor and sensory parameters were within normal ranges. F-wave frequency was reduced, but latencies were preserved; the H-reflex was present at high frequency and with normal latency. Needle electromyography revealed the highest rates of spontaneous activity and reinnervation in the cervical region (98.1% and 86.5%), followed by the lumbar region, and the lowest in the thoracic region.  Conclusion: Electrophysiological patterns in ALS diagnosed by the Gold Coast criteria demonstrate multi-regional lower motor neuron involvement, most prominent in the cervical and lumbar regions, with preserved sensory conduction. Needle electromyography provides high sensitivity for early detection of LMN abnormalities, supporting timely diagnosis.