TÌNH TRẠNG KHÁNG KHÁNG SINH CỦA STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE VÀ HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE Ở TRẺ DƯỚI 5 TUỔI BỊ VIÊM TAI GIỮA CẤP TẠI BỆNH VIỆN NHI HẢI PHÒNG NĂM 2025

Abstract

Introduction: To reduce mortality from infectious diseases in children while minimizing the rise of antibiotic resistance, the use of antibiotics must be carefully considered and selected to ensure appropriateness and safety. Objectives: To describe the antibiotic resistance patterns of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae causing acute otitis media in children under 5 years of age at Hai Phong Children’s Hospital in 2025. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, performing antimicrobial susceptibility testing on specimens collected from 117 children under 5 years with acute otitis media at Hai Phong Children’s Hospital. Results: S. pneumoniae exhibited high susceptibility to several B-lactam antibiotics, Vancomycin (94.1%), Gentamicin (100%), Quinolone antibiotics (96.6–100%), Chloramphenicol (80%), and Linezolid (91.2%); however, it demonstrated resistance to certain B-lactams such as Oxacillin (82.1%), Amoxicillin–Clavulanic acid, Cefoxitin, and Cefuroxime (100%); as well as Clindamycin (91%), Macrolides (91.7%), and Co-trimoxazole (65.7%). H. influenzae showed high susceptibility to several β-lactam antibiotics, Quinolones, and Clarithromycin. It exhibited resistance to Ampicillin–Sulbactam (94.9%), Ampicillin (95.5%), Oxacillin (100%), Cefuroxime (95.5%), Chloramphenicol (100%), Erythromycin (100%), Azithromycin (72.2%), and Co-trimoxazole (81.8%). Conclusion: The findings indicate that S. pneumoniae remains susceptible to Quinolones, Gentamicin, Vancomycin, and Linezolid but demonstrates high resistance to commonly used β-lactams, Macrolides, Lincosamides, and Co-trimoxazole. H. influenzae maintains good susceptibility to Carbapenems, third- and fourth-generation Cephalosporins, and Quinolones, but is almost completely resistant to Ampicillin, Ampicillin–Sulbactam, Cefuroxime, Macrolides, and Co-trimoxazole. The high resistance levels in both pathogens highlight the declining effectiveness of traditional antibiotics and underscore the need for antimicrobial surveillance and rational antibiotic use.