NGHIÊN CỨU ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG VÀ CÁC YẾU TỐ NGUY CƠ CỦA BỆNH NHÂN NHỒI MÁU NÃO DƯỚI 60 TUỔI TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐÀ NẴNG

Abstract

Objective: To describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics and identify risk factors of ischemic stroke in patients under 60 years old at Da Nang Hospital. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 276 patients aged 16–59 years, diagnosed with ischemic stroke based on clinical evaluation and imaging (CT/MRI), and treated at the Stroke Department, Da Nang Hospital, from February to September 2021. Results: The mean age was 51.6 ± 7.3 years (range 21–60), with males accounting for 69.6%. IS commonly occurred at rest (48.9%) and had a sudden onset (90.8%). 68.9% of patients were admitted within the first 24 hours, and 12.7% within the 6-hour window. The most frequent clinical symptoms were hemiparesis/hemiplegia (89.1%), cranial nerve palsy (54.3%), and language disorders (49.6%). Major risk factors included hypertension (79.3%), dyslipidemia (34.4%), diabetes mellitus (17.0%), and History of previous ischemic stroke/TIA (15.9%). Paraclinical findings revealed anterior circulation lesions in 82.3% (with MCA involvement in 69.6%), valvular heart disease in 13.8%, carotid atherosclerosis in 5.4%, intracranial artery stenosis in 13%, and atrial fibrillation in 5.8%. Conclusion: Ischemic stroke in patients under 60 is increasingly common, especially in middle-aged men, with hypertension as the main risk factor. Imaging shows predominant involvement of the anterior circulation, particularly the MCA. Early screening and risk factor prevention in the working-age population are recommended.