TYPES OF ALLERGENS AND TREATMENT OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC URTICARIA AT CAN THO CITY DERMATOLOGY HOSPITAL
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Abstract
Background: Chronic urticaria is a common dermatological condition characterized by a prolonged course, frequent recurrence, and a substantial impact on patients’ quality of life. Identifying relevant allergens and evaluating treatment outcomes are important for disease management, counseling on avoidance of triggering factors, and improving disease control.
Objective: To determine the proportions of different types of allergens and describe treatment outcomes among patients with chronic urticaria at Can Tho City Dermatology Hospital.
Methods: A descriptive case series study was conducted on 112 patients diagnosed with chronic urticaria who were indicated for a 64-allergen test and received treatment at Can Tho City Dermatology Hospital from June 2023 to December 2023. Data were collected on allergen characteristics, treatment methods, and disease control outcomes after 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months.
Results: The positivity rate for the 64-allergen test was 38.4%. Among those with positive results, concurrent allergy to both food and environmental allergens accounted for the highest proportion, at 62.8%; allergy to environmental allergens alone accounted for 30.2%, while allergy to food allergens alone accounted for 7.0%. Among 30 patients with food allergy, protein allergens were the most common, accounting for 83.3%. Regarding treatment, 54.5% of patients were treated with antihistamines alone, while 45.5% received antihistamines combined with corticosteroids. The combination of first- and second-generation antihistamines was the most commonly used regimen, accounting for 69.6%. The proportion of patients with good disease control increased over time, reaching 72.3% after 2 weeks, 97.3% after 2 months, and 100% after 3 months of treatment.
Conclusion: The proportion of patients with chronic urticaria was relatively low, with concurrent allergy to both food and environmental allergens being predominant among positive cases. Antihistamines were the main treatment modality, and disease control improved markedly over time. Comprehensive allergen assessment, appropriate treatment, and regular follow-up are needed to improve disease control in patients with chronic urticaria.
Keywords
Chronic urticaria, allergen, food allergy, environmental allergy, antihistamines, treatment outcomes
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