XÁC ĐỊNH CÁC GENOTYPE HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS BẰNG KỸ THUẬT REAL TIME PCR TRÊN CÁC BỆNH NHÂN KHÁM SÀNG LỌC TẠI VIỆN PASTEUR THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH 2021-2022

Abstract

Introduction: Screening for cervical cancer is currently done by Pap smear, but the sensitivity is not high and is often detected at a late stage, after a patient has been infected with HPV for a long time. Therefore, we performed Realtime-PCR technique in this study for the purpose of early, accurate diagnosis and understanding of different HPV genotypes that are sexually transmitted as well as risk factors in HPV infectious diseases.  Objective: To identify HPV genotypes and their related factors by applying Real-time PCR technique on patients who get screened for cervical cancer and other HPV-related cancers at Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City from October 2021 to June 2022. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study. The study applied Realtime - PCR molecular biology technique to detect different HPV genotypes, including: 2 low-risk types and 14 high-risk types on 161 samples of patients over 18 years, obtained from cervical smears (females) or urethral smears and/or external genital lesions (males). Results: The rate of HPV infection was 38.5% (n=161), 29.4% (male) and 48.7% (female); the highest in the age ≥40 years (60.9%), compared with distribution group according to 3 age groups and 2 age groups, respectively: p=0.023 and p=0.017. Analysis by transmission route showed that the heterosexual group was 39.4% (n=137) and same-sex group is 33.3% (n=24). The group of heterosexual women: 48.7% (n=76), while heterosexual men: 27.9% (n=61), the difference was statistically significant with p<0.05. The percentage of men who had sex with men is 33.3% (n=24), which is higher than that in men who were bisexual, 27.9% (n=61), the difference was not statistically significant (p=0,619). The prevalence of high-risk group (HRG) HPV was 50%, low-risk group (LRG) was 61.3%. Single and co- infection: 75.8% and 24.2% (p=0,039). The rate of single infection with genotypes was: HPV 11 (50%), HPV 6 (14.5%), HPV 18 (12.9%), HPV 16 (11.3%), HPV 52 (9.7%), HPV 59 (6.5%), HPV 39 and 58: 4.8%, HPV 31, 33, 45, 51, 66 all accounted for 3.2%. Co-infection in the LRG (6/11) was 2 cases; between HPV 11 and HRG were 5 cases: (HPV 11/18; 11/31; 11/52; 11/39/68; 11/39/52/59); HPV 6 and HRG: HPV 6/33; 6/58/66; between HRG: 3 cases (HPV 33/52 and 2 cases of HPV 18/45). Conclusion: The overall HPV infection rate was 38.5%, with a single infection rate of 75.8%, and co-infection: 24.2 (%), in which the HPV LRG accounted for the majority of cases. HPV 11 is the genotype found most in the LRG (50%). The rate of most common genotypes in the HRG was HPV 18 (12.9%), followed by HPV 16 (11.3%) and HPV 52, 59 are 9.7% and 6.5%, respectively. The molecular biology techniques, especially Real-time PCR meets the requirements of early, fast and accurate diagnosis which comes with routine screening tests for cervical cytology to help control and improve patients' lives, contributing to reduce the rate of cervical cancer.