ĐẶC ĐIỂM CÁC YẾU TỐ TIÊN LƯỢNG BỆNH NHÂN ĐA U TỦY XƯƠNG

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of prognostic factors in patients with multiple myeloma at the Ho Chi Minh city Blood Transfusion Hematology Hospital. Subjects and methods: A descriptive and analytical study on 189 patients newly diagnosed with multiple myeloma from January 2017 to June 2022 according to IMWG 2014 standards who came for examination and treatment at the Ho Chi Minh city Blood Transfusion Hematology Hospital. Results: 5.59% lost chromosomes and 5.59% had extra chromosomes or polyploidy. 50/71 patients detected chromosomal mutations by FISH technique, in which the ratio t(4;14)(p16;q32) was 26.76%, del(17p) was 11.27% and t(14,16) )(q32;q23) accounted for 5.63%, del 13q accounted for 26.76%. According to the Mayo clinic classification, the standard risk was 66.2%, the average risk was 18.31% and the high risk was 15.49%, respectively, according to the R-ISS classification stage I, II, III respectively was 8.45%, 80.28% and 11.27%. High-risk group by age ≥ 65 accounted for 37.57%, ECOG ≥ 2 accounted for 81.48%, plasma cell rate ≥ 30% was 48.15%, Hb < 100 g/L was 59.79%, NLR ≥ 2.25 was 44.44%, SLTC < 150 G/L was 26.98%. The risk according to FLCr ≥ 100 or ≤ 0.01 was 37.50%, calcium concentration ≥ 2.67 mmol/L was 30.98%, β2M concentration ≥ 5.5 mg/L was 70.90%. Conclusion: chromosomal mutation, older age over 65, ECOG ≥ 2, plasma cell rate ≥ 30%, Hb < 100 g/L, NLR ≥ 2.25, SLTC < 150 G/L, FLCr ≥ 100 or ≤ 0.01, calcium concentration ≥ 2.67 mmol/L, β2M concentration ≥ 5.5 mg/L were major prognostic factors for patients with multiple myeloma.