ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG CỦA BỆNH NHÂN HẠ KALI MÁU TẠI KHOA NỘI TIẾT - ĐÁI THÁO ĐƯỜNG BỆNH VIỆN BẠCH MAI

Abstract

Objectives: To describe the clinical and subclinical characteristics of patients with hypokalemia. Subjects and methods: Description of a cross-sectional cluster of 65 patients diagnosed with hypokalemia from December 2022 to June 2023 at Endocrinology – Diabetes Department, Bach Mai Hospital. Results: The proportion of female patients is 63,1%, the ratio of male/female patients is 1:1.6, the mean age is 47,1 ± 16,2 years old, patients in the age of group 30-45 years old are the majority. 55,4% of patients were diagnosed with hypokalemia for the first time. The most common reasons for hospitalization are limb weakness accounting for 46,2%, followed by numbness 10,8%, fatigue 10,8%. The main clinical symptoms are: limb weakness 38,5%, numbness 21,5%, muscle pain 10,8%, nausea 9,2%, muscle spasms 7,7%, abdominal distension 1,5%, constipation 1,5%. The mean serum potassium concentration is 2,41 ± 0,47 mmol/l, mild hypokalemia accounts for 10,8%, moderate 41,5%, severe 47,7%, the ratio of patients’ group with changes on the electrocardiogram is 66,2% with the mean serum potassium concentration is 2,31 ± 0,44 mmol/l, which is different from the mean serum potassium concentration in patients without electrocardiographic changes, arrhythmia accounted for 9,2%. Common causes: primary hyperaldosteronism has the highest rate at 38.5%, followed by Graves' disease at 16.9%, and use of drugs that cause potassium loss at 15.4%. Conclusion: Hypokalemia is common in female patients, working age group, are hospitalized in the clinical situation of severe hypokalemia with many clinical symptoms suggestive of hypokalemia. The majority of hospitalized patients have moderate and severe hypokalemia. The disease causes many changes in the electrocardiogram and the risk of arrhythmia is quite high. The most common causes of hypokalemia are primary hyperaldosteronism, Graves' disease, and use of drugs that cause hypokalemia.