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COMPARISON OF CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM SCORE AND PLAQUE CHARACTERISTICS USING CORONARY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY IN DIABETIC AND NON-DIABETIC PATIENTS
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Abstract
Objective: Our aim is to describe and compare the coronary artery calcium scores and plaque characteristics in two groups of patients with diabetes and non-diabetes using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Methods: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study, conducted from January 2022 to July 2023. All patients ≥ 18 years old underwent coronary computed tomography angiography at Tam Anh General Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City. Results: 60 cases, consisting of 30 cases of diabetes and 30 cases of non-diabetes, were included in the study. Among them, there were 48 males, accounting for 80%; the average age was 63.4 years old (ranging from 45 to 80). As for the cardiovascular risk factors, dyslipidemia accounted for the highest rate (98.3%), followed by hypertension (93.3%), while smoking accounted for the lowest rate (11.7%). There were 50 patients with three cardiovascular risk factors or more, accounting for 83% of the total cases. The total coronary artery calcium score (CACS) in the diabetic group was 987 ± 949 (Agatston score), higher than that in the non-diabetic group (535 ± 661). This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.037). The CACS separately calculated in each coronary artery branch had a similar higher pattern in the diabetic group; however, these differences were not statistically significant. In terms of plaque characteristics, the proportions of calcified, non-calcified, mixed, and high-risk plaques in the diabetic group were higher. The diabetic group had more eccentric and diffuse coronary stenosis lesions, with the diffuse stenosis being 2.6 times higher than the non-diabetic group; this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.018). Conclusion: In addition to the coronary artery calcium score, coronary plaque characteristics, especially high-risk plaque, can be determined on coronary computed tomography angiography to better prevent plaque ruptures causing acute coronary syndrome, particularly in the group of diabetic patients
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Keywords
diabetes, coronary calcium score, coronary plaque, coronary computed tomography.
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