PHỔ BỆNH VIÊM TỦY THỊ THẦN KINH: BÁO CÁO CA LÂM SÀNG CÓ HẠ NATRI MÁU DO TỔN THƯƠNG VÙNG GIAN NÃO

Abstract

Background: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, often occurring in young people. The anti-aquaporin 4 antibodies cause damage to the optic nerve, spinal cord, and brain. Early diagnosis of atypical cases that it's only damage the brain remains a major challenge. Case report: A 16-year-old female patient was treated at the Intensive Care Center of Bach Mai Hospital from June 15, 2021, to July 7, 2021, and discharged from the hospital. Her first illness occurred one week before admission to the hospital. The disease has an acute onset with vomiting, consciousness disorders, narcolepsy, mental disorders, hyponatremia (first time 105 mmol/l), brain magnetic resonance with damage to the diencephalon, and in the cerebrospinal fluid, there are 40 white cells/mm3, increased mainly lymphocytes, and IgG-AQP4 (+). After diagnosis and treatment, the patient recovered well. Conclusion: NMOSD is a rare disorder and thoroughly atypical, but magnetic resonance imaging has characteristic lesions of NMOSD, requiring IgG-NMO testing and early treatment to limit sequelae for the patient.