KHẢO SÁT CÁC YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN HẠ KALI MÁU Ở BỆNH NHỒI MÁU CƠ TIM CẤP TẠI BỆNH VIỆN CHỢ RẪY

Abstract

Introduction: Acute myocardial infarction often leads to dangerous arrhythmias in the early hours, especially ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. Electrolyte disturbances, particularly hypokalemia, are associated with ventricular arrhythmias. However, in Vietnam, research on hypokalemia in patients with acute myocardial infarction is still limited. Objective: Identifying factors related to hypokalemia in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Subjects: Patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted to the Interventional Cardiology Department at Cho Ray Hospital from May 2023 to September 2023. Study design: Cross-sectional study description. Results: The study enrolled 155 acute myocardial infarction patients with an average age of 65.1 ± 12.1 and a male predominance (71.6%). Common comorbidities included hypertension (69.7%), diabetes mellitus (38.2%), dyslipidemia (41.3%), and chronic coronary syndrome (21.9%). The usage rates of medications with the potential to lower potassium were diuretics (16.8%), insulin (11.6%), and beta-2 agonists (5.2%). The prevalence of hypokalemia in the population was 34.2%, with mild hypokalemia being the most common (64.2%), followed by moderate hypokalemia (28.3%), and severe hypokalemia at 7.5%. Two clinical factors associated with hypokalemia in the study were vomiting (OR 2.86, 95% CI 1.17–6.97) and the use of potassium-wasting diuretics (OR 2.99, 95% CI 1.12–7.92). Conclusion: The incidence of hypokalemia in acute myocardial infarction patients is 34.2%, with the majority experiencing mild hypokalemia. Vomiting and the use of potassium-wasting diuretics are two factors identified as being associated with hypokalemia.