BƯỚC ĐẦU ĐÁNH GIÁ HIỆU QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ CỦA THUỐC ARV VÀ SỮA THAY THẾ TRONG DỰ PHÒNG LÂY TRUYỀN HIV TỪ MẸ SANG CON

Abstract

Introduction: Currently, there are no studies in Vietnam evaluating the effectiveness of ARV drugs and substitute milk in preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV. This sudy aims to evaluate the effectiveness of ARV drug intervention and substitute milk in preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV in An Giang province. Materials and Methods: The subjects are pregnant women with HIV who came for prenatal care and childbirth in An Giang province from August 1, 2008, to December 31, 2010. Newborns and mothers diagnosed with HIV mentioned above and in neighboring areas are managed and monitored for mother-to-child HIV transmission at healthcare facilities in An Giang province. Results: When the mother does not use ARV, the risk of the child contracting HIV increases by 7.5 times, and this increase in the rate of mother-to-child HIV transmission is statistically significant. Mothers who do not use ARV before and/or during childbirth show a fairly high rate of HIV transmission to their children, accounting for 35.71%. In cases where the mother only uses NVP during labor, the rate of HIV transmission to the child is 11.11%; similarly, if the mother only uses AZT + 3TC + NVP during labor, the rate of HIV transmission to the child is 6.45%. Notably, when the mother uses the AZT regimen from the 28th week of pregnancy, the rate of mother-to-child HIV transmission drops to just 3.13%. In cases where the mother is prescribed a regimen for HIV treatment, we have not recorded any instances of the child contracting HIV. The rate of mother-to-child HIV transmission is inversely proportional to the duration of the mother's medication use. The use of substitute milk has prevented almost all cases of HIV transmission through breastfeeding. Conclusion: HIV-infected mothers who do not use ARV drugs to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV show a 7.5 times higher risk of their children being infected with HIV compared to the group that uses the drugs. Exclusively feeding with substitute milk for the first 6 months has proven to be very valuable in preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV.