KHẢO SÁT MỐI TƯƠNG QUAN GIỮA THANG ĐIỂM DASS 21 VÀ CÁC BIẾN CỐ HÔ HẤP Ở BỆNH NHÂN NGƯNG THỞ LÚC NGỦ TẮC NGHẼN

Abstract

Background: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a common sleep-related breathing disorder that can lead to both physiological and psychological impairments, including depression, anxiety, and stress. Objective: To investigate the correlation between depression, anxiety, and stress scores using the DASS 21 scale and respiratory events in patients diagnosed with OSA. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at the University Medical Center HCMC and its affiliated clinic. A total of 101 patients diagnosed with OSA via polysomnography were included. The severity of depression, anxiety, and stress was assessed using the DASS 21 questionnaire. Spearman’s correlation was used to analyze relationships with apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), minimum oxygen saturation (SpO₂), and time spent with SpO₂ < 90%. Results: 78.2% of the participants were male, with a male-to-female ratio of 3.6:1. The average age of the study population was 51.51 ± 16.41 years. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 26.85 ± 5.30 kg/m². The median apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was 38.71 (range: 18.70–54.40). The mean lowest oxygen saturation (SpO₂) was 71.72 ± 10.27%, and the median duration of SpO₂ < 90% was 9.60%. The median and IQR of the DASS-21 scale scores were as follows: Depression: 6.0 points (0.0 – 10.0), Anxiety: 10.0 points (6.0 – 15.0), Stress: 12.0 points (6.0 – 16.0). The correlation coefficient between AHI and depression score was rₛ = -0.07 (p = 0.51), between AHI and anxiety score was rₛ = 0.06 (p = 0.55), and between AHI and stress score was rₛ = -0.06 (p = 0.79). No correlation was observed between DASS-21 scores and either the lowest SpO₂ or the duration of SpO₂ < 90%. Conclusion: There was no observed correlation between the severity of OSA or respiratory events during sleep and psychological distress scores. An independent evaluation of mental health status is necessary in OSA patients, as respiratory indices cannot reliably predict depression, anxiety, or stress levels.